Transitioning into motherhood involves complex alterations in the mother’s physiology to allow successful nursing of the offspring. These adaptations rely on the brain responses to hormones secreted during pregnancy and lactation. The mammalian brain is highly adaptive, and studies have shown that the source of the adaptation lies within individual brain cells, the neurons. In the rodent models, we have identified a pronounced switch in the function of a group of hypothalamic tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neurons that control release of maternal hormone, prolactin. These neurons are normally identified as dopaminergic, which is induced by prolactin to release dopamine that in turn inhibit further prolactin secretion. It is widely assumed that this identity remains fixed throughout their lifetime. We recently overturned this long-held dogma by showing that these neurons switch their neurochemical type during pregnancy and lactation, essentially becoming another type of neuron for the duration of these conditions1. This is a critical adaptation for lactation, which requires elevated prolactin. The physiological consequences of this remarkable transition are unknown, but we believe that it may functionally reverse the action of these cells, changing them from inhibiting to enhancing the secretion of prolactin. Using various transgenic rodent crosses and cell-type specific Cre-expression coupled with Cre-inducible viral vectors, we have shown that during lactation, these neurons 1) required prolactin to switch to lactation phenotype1, 2) remain responsive to prolactin2, 3) anatomically contacting each other and undergo morphological alteration that suggest increased synaptic inputs3 and 4) change in neuronal activity pattern indicative of possible release of new neurochemical content. In addition, we have also revealed the possible role of the newly synthesised neurochemical from the TIDA neurons in promoting prolactin secretion. Collectively, these findings provide an original insight into the physiological significance of the adaption performed by the TIDA neurons to sustain lactation